London Euston to Glasgow Central

The Route of the Royal Scot

There are two principal Anglo-Scottish main lines in Britain the East Coast Main Line out of London Kings Cross and the West Coast Main Line out of London Euston. The first to reach the capital was Robert Stephenson’s London & Birmingham Railway to London Euston. The West Coast Main Line is particularly famous for its legendary gradients of Shap and Beattock over the Cumbrian Fells and the mountains of the Scottish Borders.

The original London Euston station was built in 1837 and was the Gateway to the North. Its crowning glories were the mighty great Euston Arch flanked by its entrance lodges and the magnificent Great Hall. The station had a distinctive iron truss pitch roof. A statue of Robert Stephenson dominated the Great Hall. Sadly this original Euston station is now lost forever as it was swept away in the massive rebuild of the station that took place between 1963 and 1968 accompanying the electrification of the West Coast Main Line. It was this rebuild that controversially demolished the famous Euston Arch. The new rebuilt London Euston a station of sleek modern concrete and glass was opened by HM Queen Elizabeth II in 1968.

Today the only remnants surviving from the old Euston are the two entrance lodges on Euston Road that once flanked the Euston Arch and the statue of Robert Stephenson which now graces the Great Hall of the National Railway Museum in York. The Britannia emblem which used to crown the doorway to the Boardroom in the Great Hall also now survives at the National Railway Museum in York. London Euston historically served the West Coast Main Line to the West Midlands, North Wales, the North West and Scotland. In its heyday London Euston was the starting point for such famous expresses as the Royal Scot, the Coronation Scot, the Mid-Day Scot, the Caledonian, the Irish Mail, the Mancunian and the Merseyside Express.

London Euston to Watford Junction:

As is usual with trains departing London going north, trains departing London Euston head through a series of tunnels and cuttings through north London. The train ascends Camden bank and at Camden Town passes the historic former Camden Roundhouse engine shed built in 1847 (now home to the famous Roundhouse performing arts venue and creative centre for young people) and the great classical portal of Primrose Hill tunnel dating from 1837. The train then heads through London’s northern suburbs passing South Hampstead, Kilburn High Road, Queens Park, Kensal Green with the D.C. lines on the left. At Willesden Junction the line passes under the North London Line and the line from West London joins on the left. The train passes through Harlesden, Stonebridge Park, Wembley Central and North Wembley. Passing Wembley, the magnificent new Wembley Stadium can be glimpsed to the right. Then the train passes through South Kenton and Kenton. Soon to the left we can see Harrow and the spire of the famous Harrow School Chapel and the train passes through Harrow & Wealdstone. The train continues north past Headstone Lane, Hatch End, Carpenders Park and Bushey before arriving at Watford Junction station. On this route on either side of the line can be seen the food factories, with great names such as Heinz, McVitiie’s and Ovaltine. From Watford Junction there is a branch to the right to St Albans.

Watford Junction to Milton Keynes Central:

After leaving Watford Junction station the line soon passes into Watford Tunnel. When the railway was built there was considerable opposition from the influential landowners, who feared that the railway would adversely affect their properties. North of Watford the railway had to pass the great adjoining estates of the Earls of Essex and of Clarendon. To overcome the objections raised, the Watford Tunnel was designed to carry the railway line out of sight of the great parks, and although it involved the company in heavy expense it served its purpose and solved the problem of access from London to the industrial areas of the north-west.

Northwards the railway enters a pleasant rolling landscape in the Gade Valley near the Chilterns and follows the Grand Union Canal through Kings Langley, a former royal town with the remains of a Dominican Friary founded in 1312, a 15^th century church and an attractive main street.

The Grand Union Canal is a major feature of the journey northwards at this point and its winding route is never far from the railway, with plenty of fine views of narrow boats, locks and the distinctive brick arched bridges. Apsley, famous for its paper making, is followed by Hemel Hempstead, whose pleasant High Street and fine Norman church are in marked contrast to the expanding acres of the postwar new town housing.

Leaving Hemel Hempstead there are good views on the left westwards across the canal and its locks towards a typically English landscape of rolling fields framed by hedges and copses. Just before reaching Berkhamsted the remains of Berkhamsted Castle can be seen to the right south eastwards. The original castle was built soon after William the Conqueror accepted the English throne in 1066. Destroyed in a rebellion, it was rebuilt and many subsequent royal figures stayed here, including the Black Prince. With its Tudor school, large church and 18^th century buildings, Berkhamsted still has the atmosphere of the busy market town it once was.

Now for some miles the line climbs gradually up past the Chiltern Hills and the summit is reached at Tring station. From Tring to the right eastwards are the wooded hills behind Aldbury. Leaving Tring the train enters a long cutting, one of the major engineering works of Stephenson’s line, 2.5 miles long and 60ft deep in places. This is followed by a long elevated section through Cheddington to Leighton Buzzard, with enjoyable views on both sides.

This attractive area was popular with grand families in the 19^th century, several of whom, notably the Rosebery’s and the Rothschilds, built their country houses here such as Waddesden Manor and Mentmore Towers. Mentmore can be briefly seen from the train to the left, while Ascott, Tring and Waddesden are not far away. Ascott, now owned by the National Trust, is two miles south west of Leighton Buzzard station, near the village of Wing, which boasts one of the best Anglo-Saxon churches in Britain. After Linslade tunnel, with its gothic portico, there is a fine view to the right of Linslade Old Church, set on a mound with the manor near by. It was near Linslade that, in 1963, the Great Train Robbery took place. An armed gang held up the overnight Royal Mail train running from Glasgow to London and stole mailbags worth over £2.5 million.

The train now follows the canal and the River Ouzel through an attractive landscape to Bletchley, where the line to Bedford branches off to the right. To the left of Bletchley station is the once top secret site of Bletchley Park where during the Second World War the German armed forces' top secret codes were broken providing the Allies with vital information towards their war effort. One of the famous ciphers broken here was the Enigma code. The house is now a museum telling the story of the top secret code breakers during the Second World War and you can see one of the famous Enigma machines on display. Bletchley now spreads indeterminately into the modern new town of Milton Keynes which was built in the 1960s. Milton Keynes Central station is well placed for the shopping centre. Once Bletchley and Rugby stations were important stations for this stretch of the WCML but now Milton Keynes Central has usurped their place as the most important station in this area.

Milton Keynes Central to Crewe:

On departing Milton Keynes Central station the line soon reaches Wolverton where there is a new town of an earlier age built from 1838 to serve the railway carriage works here, whose history is painted as a long mural beside the canal. The old carriage works can be seen to the left just before the station. North of Wolverton the countryside returns, with good views to the left towards Cosgrove, thanks to a long embankment and the high six arched brick viaduct of 1838. Cuttings now limit the views, but the fine spire of Hanslope Church, nearly 200 ft high, is hard to miss on the right. Shortly after passing the village of Roade at Hanslope junction the Northampton line diverges off to the right. Then the village of Blisworth is passed on the left. Then the village of Weddon is passed. After this for a few miles the railway is joined by the Grand Junction Canal and the M1 motorway to the right. Here the line is in the Watford Gap at the northern end of the Chiltern Hills. To the right the tall broadcasting masts at Daventry can be seen. Then the line suddenly plunges into the famous Kilsby Tunnel which is over a mile long. After exiting Kilsby Tunnel the Northampton line rejoins the mainline from the right and beyond can be seen the cluster of radio masts that form the Rugby Radio Transmitting Station. This is one of the world’s most powerful radio transmitting stations. This also forms the European end of the transatlantic telephone system. Originally built in 1926, there were 12 radio masts but 8 of them became obsolete in recent years and were demolished in 2004, now there are just 4 radio masts. Soon the train reaches the once important junction station at Rugby. Sadly now the station is a shadow of its former self having lost its magnificent over 100 years old LNWR trainshed roof in 2000.

North of Rugby the Birmingham line diverges off to the left by means of a flyover and the mainline continues northwards. The Oxford Canal accompanies the line for a while to the left before eventually swinging away to the left before the railway passes under the M69 motorway near the village of Shilton. The line continues through pleasant landscape of the Trent Valley with glimpses of the industrial West Midlands away to the west on the left. Just before Nuneaton station the line from Coventry joins the mainline from the left and the Leicester line from the right. On leaving Nuneaton the line to Birmingham via Water Orton soon diverges off to the left. To the left extensive former gravel workings can be seen before the train passes Atherstone station. Soon after crossing the River Anker which then snakes round to the left the train reaches Polesworth station and the Coventry Canal accompanies the line to the left. Next the train reaches Tamworth where there is an interchange with the Birmingham to Derby line at Tamworth Low Level. Then Lichfield Trent Valley station is reached. This station is also an interchange with the Stafford to Lichfield City and Birmingham line shortly after a station a spur from the Stafford line can be seen joining the mainline from the right. Lichfield has many interesting associations, not the least among them being that it was the birthplace of Dr. Johnson, the great man of letters. Just before reaching Rugeley the massive towers of its power station can be seen to the left of the line. Then the line from Walsall and Birmingham can be seen joining the main line from the left. Then the train passes Rugeley Trent Valley station. After passing the village of Colwich to the right the main line swings round to the left and the line to Manchester avoiding Stafford can be seen diverging from the main line to the right. The line then dives into a tunnel underneath the Shugborough Hall estate, home to the Earls of Lichfield. The mainline then swings round with the line from Wolverhampton joining to the left and enters Stafford station.

After passing Stafford the railway runs through the village of Great Bridgeford. Then Norton Bridge is passed soon after which the line to Manchester diverges off to the right. After climbing up a gradual gradient that is Whitmore bank to the summit at Whitmore, the railway descends slowly to the level of the Cheshire Plain. To the right is a distant view of the Potteries, and three or four miles farther on, just before entering Crewe, are the famous Basford Hall goods sidings containing over 100 miles of track which can be seen to the left. Crewe South Carriage Shed is passed on the right hand side. Just after this vast array of sidings the Shrewsbury line can be seen joining the mainline from the left, while to the right joins the line from Stoke on Trent. Then the train enters the famous railway town and great junction station of Crewe.

Crewe is famous as a railway town and is a busy junction station. To the right of Crewe station can be seen the Crewe Arms Hotel, famous as being the first railway hotel in Britain. It is also home to the famous railway works which although it doesn’t build trains anymore is still comparatively busy as a repair works. Although sadly it has to be said the once mighty works is now a shadow of its former self. Crewe Works is now run by the French based global transport manufacturer Alstom S.A. Crewe was home from 1946 to 2002 to the Rolls-Royce motor car works. From the end of 2002 Rolls-Royce motor car manufacture has now moved to a new factory in Chichester. However the car factory continues to be the home of Bentley Motors and now just produces Bentley motor cars. Crewe did not come to prominence until the late 1830s when the Grand Junction Railway chose it to be the site of its new locomotive works and Crewe railway station. Today Crewe is one of the largest stations in North West England and is a major station on the West Coast Main Line and thus remains a major railway centre.

Crewe to Preston:

On departing Crewe station you can see the Chester and North Wales line diverging off to the left, while the Manchester line via Wilmslow diverges off to the right. As the train heads north the old Crewe North signal box is passed in what has become Crewe Heritage Centre (The Railway Age Crewe) and here on the left is the distinctive sight of retired ill fated British Rail experimental APT tilting train (arguably the forerunner of today’s Pendolino tilting trains operated by Virgin Trains) now on static display in the heritage centre.

Soon the train speeds north past Winsford station. We then cross the Weaver Navigation and reach Hartford. Here the Chester to Altringham via Northwich line crosses the West Coast Main Line and a short link line joins the main line from this line from the right. We soon flash past Acton Bridge station with the village of Weaverham to the right. Then the railway crossed the River Weaver on the Dutton Viaduct and shortly after this the Liverpool line diverges off to the left by means of a flyover. Then the line from Chester via Helsby and Runcorn East crosses the mainline and can be seen parallel to the mainline to the right for a while before it joins the mainline from the right. Immediately after this the railway strides across the Manchester Ship Canal and the River Mersey before entering Warrington Bank Quay station.

Between here and Wigan North Western there are many signs of the industrial legacy of this part of Northern England. Soon the line to Earlestown diverges off to the left and the site of the famous English Electric Vulcan Works to the south of Newton le Willows is passed on the left. This is where famous locomotives such as Deltic were built. The works is now closed and demolished. After passing under the Liverpool to Manchester line a spur from this joins the mainline from the right shortly after passing under the M6 motorway. The railway passes the town of Golborne with Haydock Park Racecourse in the distance to the left of the railway line. The Leeds Liverpool Canal then curves into parallel the mainline for a while from the right before passing under the mainline and heading off westwards to Liverpool to the left. At this point a large complex of lakes is passed on the left, evidence of former mine workings, before the train enters Wigan North Western station. Just before the station the line from Manchester can be seen joining the mainline from the right. The Manchester line can also be glimpsed to the right continuing into Wigan Wallgate station. After leaving Wigan North Western the complex of sidings that is Wigan Springs can be glimpsed to the left with lines to Southport and Liverpool heading off westwards.

Meanwhile our train continues to speed northwards passing the village of Standish on the left before passing Euxton Balshaw Lane station with the Lancashire town of Chorley to the right. Soon after this the line from Manchester via Bolton joins the mainline from the right before passing the town of Leyland, famous for manufacturing lorries. Then at Lostock Hall there is a series of flyover junctions with the line to Blackburn going of to the right and the one to Ormskirk joining the mainline from the left. We are now on the outskirts of Preston and the River Ribble is crossed on a girder viaduct. At this point to the right can be seen another viaduct which once carried the Preston avoiding line now long gone. Soon the train arrives in the major junction station of Preston.

Preston is the county town of Lancashire and was awarded city status in 2002 in celebration of HM Queen Elizabeth II’s Golden Jubilee. Preston is also home to the National Football Museum. BAE Systems also has a factory near Preston that is involved in the aerospace industry in manufacturing sections of the Eurofighter Typhoon. Today Preston is a major junction station on the West Coast Main Line and remains a major railway centre.

Preston to Carlisle:

On leaving Preston station the line to Blackpool can be seen curving off to the left and soon the suburbs of Preston are left behind and replaced with the rolling Lancashire countryside. Between Preston and Lancaster the M6 motorway can be seen paralleling the railway on the right for much of the way. On the approach to Lancaster the village of Garstang can be seen to the left and then the train passes Galgate with the M6 motorway to the right and the Lancaster Canal to the left keeping the railway company. Soon the train arrives in Lancaster station with views of Lancaster Cathedral and the Castle away to the right above the city. Shortly after leaving Lancaster the railway leaps across the River Lune on a viaduct with fine views either side. If you look back towards the city you get a fine view of the Castle. Then the branch line to Morecambe and Heysham Port diverges off to the left.

Then there is a dramatic change in scenery as the West Coast Main Line comes alongside the shoreline of Morecambe Bay at Hest Bank giving our first view of the coast since leaving London with fine views across Morecambe Bay and out to sea. In the distance can be seen the mountains of the Lake District and the Cumbrian Fells. However this is just a brief glimpse as the line turns inland again just south of Carnforth.

As the train approaches Carnforth the former locomotive sheds can be seen to the left behind the sidings with the now unique concrete coaling towers dominating the site. This used to be the home of Steamtown Carnforth which in its heyday in the 1980s was home to many famous steam locomotives. Soon the train flashes through Carnforth station with a brief glimpse of the Cumbrian Coast line heading off to the left through the station. Sadly there are no longer any platforms on the mainline at Carnforth station. The station is now home to the Carnforth Station and Visitor Centre.

As you sweep through the station you may catch a glimpse of the famous clock on the platform under which Trevor Howard and Celia Johnston met in the film Brief Encounter. For Carnforth is the station where the filming took place and thanks to the Friends of Carnforth Station the famous refreshment rooms have now been restored to their original condition and many of the station buildings have been revived from dereliction as a visitor centre and for community use.  

After Carnforth the train starts the steep climb up Grayrigg bank, the first of several major gradients on this section as the line climbs through the Cumbrian fells on its way to Carlisle. The next station reached is Oxenholme the Lake District, which is the junction for the branch line down to Kendal and Windermere. The branch can be seen descending into the valley to the left shortly after the station. From here there are magnificent views down towards Kendal and of the surrounding mountains to the left. The mainline then swings to the east and continues climbing steeply. Grayrigg summit is soon reached and the M6 motorway rejoins the railway on the right and crosses to parallel the railway on the left. The village of Lowgill is passed and spectacular views of the mountains can be seen on either side as the railway turns to head through the famous Lune Gorge with the M6 on the left. Soon the village of Tebay is passed and the M6 motorway crossed to the right hand side of the line. Beautiful panoramic views of the Lakeland hills are now obtained from the train, and after passing Tebay Station the line enters upon the final stage of the climb to Shap—a gradient of 1 in 75, four miles long, and well known to railwaymen on account of its effect on record-breaking runs. Shap is one of the legendary railway gradients in Britain and in steam days was a stern test for locomotive crews. The train passes the village of Greenholme to the left while the M6 motorway continues to keep the railway company on the right. Shortly after this the famous Scout Green is passed on the final stage of the very steep climb to Shap summit which is where the railway swings left slightly away from the M6 motorway and the A6 road joins the railway on the left. The descent begins and a works is passed on the right shortly before passing through the village of Shap itself. The railway then makes the long descent towards Carlisle. The M6 motorway crosses onto the left hand side of the railway and the village of Little Strickland can be seen on the right. At Clifton the railway sweeps round to the left and crosses the M6 motorway again, before crossing it yet again and entering Penrith station. To the right in front of Penrith station can be seen the ruins of Penrith Castle. As the train heads northwards the M6 continues to parallel the railway to the left. Eventually the railway crosses the motorway again and arrives at Carlisle. Just to the south of the station on the right can be seen the former Carlisle Currock locomotive depot. Then a series of lines join the mainline into Carlisle including the Settle & Carlisle line from the right and the Cumbrian Coast line from the left. Carlisle Citadel station is an important railway junction on the West Coast Main Line and the last railway outpost before crossing the border into Scotland. Even today the great Border City of Carlisle remains an important railway centre and major junction.

Carlisle is a historic city with compact historic centre including the Carlisle Castle and Carlisle Cathedral and is the last city in England before reaching Scotland. It also lies at the western end of the famous Hadrian’s Wall World Heritage Site.

Carlisle to Glasgow Central:

On leaving the great Border City of Carlisle and its Carlisle Citadel station the train continues northwards and crosses the River Eden. Then to the left the line passes the once great marshalling yards at Kingmoor and the former Carlisle Kingmoor locomotive depot. Then the railway crosses the River Esk that leads out into the Solway Firth to the west. Just after the railway passes under the A74 main road the stub of the former Waverley Route to Edinburgh can be seen diverging off to the right and then the line crosses over the River Sark and enters Scotland. To the left diverges the line to Glasgow via Dumfries and through Gretna. 20 miles over the border the railway passes through the village of Ecclefechan, birthplace of Thomas Carlyle. Then the line twists and turns as it heads once more up into the mountains. The train passes Lockerbie.

Eventually the railway passes the village of Beattock and starts the long slog up the very steep climb through the mountains up Beattock. The gradient from Beattock Station to Beattock Summit, ten miles on end, averages between 1 in 69 and 1 in 88. This gradient like that of Shap is one of the legendary gradients of the West Coast Main Line and proved a severe test in the days of steam. Again the M6 parallels the railway. On either side there are magnificent views of the forested hillsides. At Beattock Summit to the right there is the farm of Little Clyde and the site of a Roman camp. The railway sweeps westwards and then starts its long descent to Glasgow. At Evanfoot the railway sweeps east in a large curve and passes the village of Crawford, the Abington after which the M74 turns off to the left westwards away from the railway line which turns east. Then the line passes the village of Symington before reaching the triangular junction at Carstairs. Here the Edinburgh line turns to the right past barbed wire fencing enclosing a facility located in the centre of the triangular junction. Meanwhile the line to Glasgow continues through Carstairs station and then turns to the left with a sweeping curve. On the left is passed the Ravenstruther coal terminal. Soon after this the Lanark branch joins the mainline from the left. Carluke is passed with the town to the right of the line. Then the line through Wishaw diverges off to the right before rejoining the mainline at Sheildmuir. The former Ravenscraig steelworks, which closed in 1992, is passed on the right hand side before arriving at Motherwell. This is now subject to a major regeneration scheme called "Ravenscraig Building a New Future". Shortly after Motherwell the line through Mossend diverges off to the right. The Strathclyde Country Park can be seen to the left. Then with the M74 to the left the Wishaw line joins the mainline from the right. The line passes through various suburbs of Glasgow like Uddingston and crosses the River Clyde before passing through Newton. Cambuslang before Polmandie train depot is passed on the right. Finally the train sweeps right with a multitude of other lines and crosses the River Clyde for the final time and enters Glasgow Central station and the end of the long journey from London.

Glasgow is a magnificent city and is the largest in Scotland. The city has a strong maritime tradition and is legendary for its shipyards and their famous Clydebuilt reputation in the heyday of its maritime prowess. Today Glasgow is a bustling cosmopolitan city at the heart of the Scottish economy. One of the few surviving remnants of medieval Glasgow is Glasgow Cathedral. Most of the city dates from the 19^th century. As a result it has an impressive heritage of Victorian architecture. The magnificent Glasgow Central station dates from 1879 and was fully refurbished and restored in 1998. The station is fronted by the fine former Central Hotel, which continues to be a fine hotel now known as the Quality Central Hotel.